What is BDDE?

1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) is a viscous liquid , which is hygroscopic in nature. BDDE is the most commonly used homobifunctional epoxide compound. BDDE may react with amines, hydroxyls, sulfhydryl groups to produce secondary amines, ether or thioether bonds respectively.

What is BDDE cross linking?

Background. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polysaccharide, is used in the production of dermal fillers for esthetic purposes. The most common modification used in commercial HA-based filler is the cross-linking of HA chains using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) as cross-linking agent.

Is BDDE safe?

Hydrolyzed BDDE has been shown to be nontoxic and nongenotoxic, even at molar concentrations significantly higher than the concentrations used in commercial fillers (J.X. Roca-Martinez, unpublished data).

What is cross linking in fillers?

To stabilize hyaluronic acid, the small natural molecules must be bound, or “cross-linked,” to each other with repeating chemical bridges to form a much larger molecule.

Is Juvederm cross linked?

Juvéderm™ Ultra and Ultra Plus are smooth, malleable gels with a homologous consistency that use a new technology called “Hylacross™ technology”. They have a high concentration of cross-linked HAs, which accounts for its longevity.

Can you mix dermal fillers?

Filler blending is an advanced technique of mixing a particular dermal filler with any other injectable product.

Who makes Profhilo?

IBSA Farmaceutici Italia
Product Summary. PROFHILO® is manufactured by IBSA Farmaceutici Italia in a U.S. FDA approved site in Italy, and distributed in the UK & Ireland by HA-Derma Ltd.

Is Juvederm crosslinked?

Juvéderm™ Ultra is 9% crosslinked while Juvéderm™ Ultra Plus is 11% crosslinked (Table 2).

What is crosslinked hyaluronic acid?

Crosslinked hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels (crossHA) have been widely used in the cosmetic industry as injectable dermal fillers. Cross-HA-3 also creates a protective film on the skin surface and immediately and visibly reduces even deep mimic wrinkles.

Which is better Juvederm or Voluma?

Juvederm and Voluma come in gel form to instantly add volume to precise facial areas. But the texture of Voluma is comparable to that of Jello while the texture of Juvederm Ultra is similar to pudding. Voluma has a thicker texture which helps provide a more significant cheek lift and create sustainable facial volume.

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What does bdde stand for?

Abbreviations:BDDE, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether; HA, hyaluronic acid. The reaction proposed for the formation of these tautomers would be a reaction catalyzed in the basic media employed in the cross-linking reaction and favored by the high temperature treatment for sterilization of dermal fillers.

What is the native form of bdde in trace levels?

*Since the sum of all four forms of BDDE is <5 mg/mL, or 5,000 ppm, the trace levels of the native form D (<2 ppm) represent a minute fraction of that sum. The different states in which BDDE can be present in the final product are summarized here (A) Fully reacted crosslinker: A BDDE molecule that has reacted with HA on both ends.

What is bdde crosslinker used for?

BDDE is the crosslinker used in the majority of the market-leading HA fillers. After reaction with HA, the epoxide groups of BDDE are neutralized, and only trace amounts of unreacted BDDE remain in the product (<2 ppm).